Critically examine British government policies directed towards Essay

Basically look at British government approaches coordinated towards prostitution - Essay Example The issue of prostitution in the UK is frequently something other than the extension of the sex business; it is fundamentally identified with the expansion of exchange in the city and the violations related with it. In February 2003, 31 cops in Glasgow captured ladies in an enemy of prostitution clampdown went more than 48 hours because of their incitement by the irate occupants. In this activity, no men were captured. A larger part of the ladies occupied with the demonstration of road prostitution are either rocks addicts or are on heroin or both. A large portion of the prostitution in the UK occurs in the outside city and the indoor scene is little. Ladies that are occupied with the road prostitution are presented to sexual or physical viciousness in the unbalanced levels. Prostitution is one of the main sources of dubious passings and death of ladies in the UK. Acknowledgment of the lap moving among the famous people and the organizations just as communicating of the lap moving in the TV programs gives proof to its relative achievement. Standardization has put accentuation upon the perspectives that were increasingly worthy like little massage parlors and escort organizations. Guideline can be comprehended as a shelter course of action that establishes various methodologies and systems, that incorporate yet are not restricted to a receptive aggravation reaction with the occupant clampdowns upon clients and particularly ladies, and a visually impaired eye approach in which rules casual resilience. â€Å"The legitimate guideline of prostitution in the UK was set out in the Sexual Offenses Act 1956, which mirrored the discoveries of the Wolfenden Committee examination concerning prostitution and homosexuality that occurred around that time† (politics.co.uk, 2012). Prostitution in the Wolfenden Committee was treated as an ethical issue as was clear from the Act’s text. This turned into the premise of the famous discussions between Herbert Hart and Lord Devlin. Before the year's over 2003, the Home Office announced its arrangements to reexamine

Macbeths Irony Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth's Irony Macbeth's Irony There can be no contention that William Shakespeare's virtuoso and endowment of beautiful composing is available in Macbeth. Likewise, Shakespeare utilizes numerous outside hotspots for his work, pulling from political and authentic occasions. Almost all of Macbeth has a premise in chronicled reality. Holinshed chronicled in the sixteenth century the accounts of England, Scotland, and Ireland. It is from the Historie of Scotland that Shakespeare constructs the importance of this well known catastrophe. The verifiable record contains the conviction of Macbeth in the predictions of three abnormal sisters, diviners who fortify his desire for the seat; records Banquo's job; presents the ensuing homicide of King Duncan; and uncovers Macbeth's distrustfulness concerning Macduff. The play meshes these different narratives into an intelligible entirety. Macbeth is the tale of a man whose desire have carried him to submit treachery and murder. There is incongruity and imagery in the play, whi ch add to the acknowledgment of this magnum opus. Three types of incongruity are apparent in Macbeth: sensational incongruity, being the distinction between what the crowd sees and what the characters accept to be valid; verbal incongruity, the contrast between what is said and what is implied; and situational incongruity, the contrast between what really occurs and what is normal. A theatergoer seeing an exhibition of Macbeth may create assumptions about what is in reality obvious and what is really a fact. At the point when it is in opposition to what the character in the play accepts to be valid, a sensational incongruity happens. This is obvious when Lennox asks Macbeth whether the lord is to leave Macbeth's manor for home: 1 Len. Goes the lord subsequently to-day? Macb. He does; he appointed so. (Macbeth. II, iii, 54-55) Clearly, Macbeth is intentionally lying, for the crowd is completely mindful of his arrangements to kill King Duncan that night. With Macbeth's answer deciphered truly, the watcher is persuaded Duncan expects to leave the château the following day. In that lies reality. Glancing back at the opening of this scene, concealed realities of the doorman are uncovered: Port. Thump, thump! Who's there, in th' other fallen angel's name? Confidence, here's an equivocator, that could swear in both the scales against either scale, who submitted injustice enough for the good of God, yet couldn't dodge to paradise. O, come in, equivocator. (Macbeth. II. iii. 7-11) Macbeth is filling the role of the equivocator once more, quibble being a type of twofold talk where a comment considered genuine could be contended as truth from one perspective. One critical case of emotional incongruity is again obvious in the watchman scene in Act II, scene iii, due to the conceal reality the hazy alcoholic uncovers. The watchman fills the role of doorman at Hell-Gate in lines 1-3: Port. On the off chance that a man were doorman at Hell-Gate, he ought to have old turning the key. He keeps on sensationalizing through line 16: Port. In any case, this spot is unreasonably cold for hellfire. I'll fallen angel doorman it no further. With the ruler's homicide found, it is about comedic when Lady Macbeth reacts to the declaration of King Duncan's homicide. She first enters in mock disarray, addressing: Woman M. What's the business, That such an ugly trumpet calls to conference The sleepers of the house? Talk, talk! (Macbeth. II, iii, 81-83) This scene could be guided in such a manner to have the entertainer depicting Lady Macbeth decorate her presentation to the point of significantly emoting. At that point, after hearing Macduff decline to mention to her what has occurred for The redundancy in a lady's ear/Would kill as it fell (Macbeth. II, iii, 85-86) the watcher can't resist disregarding the genuine tone of the scene and giggling at the incongruity in his selection of words. The woman at that point plays her blamelessness again by answering in caution to Macduff's telling Banquo of the homicide: Woman M. Misfortune, too bad! What in our home? (Macbeth. II, iii, 86-87) The most agreeable type of incongruity in this play is verbal. Verbal incongruity is explicitly when an individual says what is in opposition to certainty so as to make a point instead of to delude. Mockery is one sort of verbal incongruity. Be that as it may, there are many. On the exit of Macbeth's last visit to the bizarre sisters, the main witch wryly remarks on Macbeth's neglecting to say thanks to them: 1. Witch. That this extraordinary lord may generously say Our

Surfacing-Margaret Atwood Free Essays

Back at her old nature satisfied estate she starts to review from her brain the blurred musings of an emulate that was and the recollections burled somewhere down In her spirit that will in the end surface. I accept the hero experiences a blend of Inferiority complex and tension; and coming from the way that she has had a few bombed connections just sets the conviction that her Internal issue amplify and rule her life, yet she in the long run comes to perceive this. All through the story she Intentionally searches for imperfections In the individuals around, and blames this for not offering herself to a relationship. We will compose a custom article test on Surfacing-Margaret Atwood or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now She routinely relates great malevolent as a manipulative apparatus to guarantee her detachment. She has endured dismissal, premature birth, and the cold and not really lovely real factors of the world and passes the fault to her folks for not setting up her. It started after her school Professor, a wedded dad, paid for her fetus removal and left her alone in a ‘abortion house’ so she could die the life of their unborn little girl. Grabbed from her belly, she is spooky by the pictures. She needed to consider Joey’s infant so as to supplant the ended seedling that she had crushed. She talks in cunning illustrations about that day all through the story and I didn’t completely understand the suggestions until after she surfaced from the base of the cake. As she lay there in the pontoon reviewing the made untruths and the separation she had made with her family so as to save her rational soundness I started to flip back around the start relating the obscure and roundabout insinuations from prior in the story. The pleasant wedding at the mail station, the little girl that never was, these were each of the a collection; layered recollections, created and astutely developed so as to shroud the revolting truth. At last, her worn out and broken feelings can surface from the base of the lake, just to have them covered again as she gets the updates on her ethers passing from that liar David’, and maybe the forswearing seed would develop new roots once more, sparing her from one more edge of sadness. She concludes she will take the â€Å"Random Samples† of David and Joe with her and reels them out Into the lake, and In doing so I think she is liberating Anne from her life of agony with David. The psyche Is an incredible spot, and his was a ground-breaking story. My lone dissatisfaction was toward the end, for not knowing whether she and Joe rejoined. Is it true that she was, extremely pregnant? Did she recapture her mental stability? I’d Like to think so†¦ Margaret Atwood recounts to a story In a completely enchanted manner. She has such solid development of words, mixing and layering them easily to build crude feeling all the while. I’m keeping this one! Surfacing-Margaret Atwood By Marseille their two benevolent rival acquaintances’, Anne David, have Joined her in the remote summer lake house, arranged on a private island. Back at her old nature time that was and the recollections covered somewhere down in her spirit that will in the long run surface. I accept the hero experiences a mix of feeling of inadequacy and just hardens the conviction that her interior issue amplify and rule her life, however she in the long run comes to perceive this. All through the story she purposefully searches for defects in the individuals around, and blames this for not offering herself to a relationship. She routinely associates great shrewd as a manipulative device to guarantee â€Å"Random Samples† of David and Joe with her and reels them out into the lake, and in doing so I think she is liberating Anne from her life of torment with David. The brain is a Did she recapture her mental soundness? I’d like to think so†¦ Margaret Atwood recounts to a story in a layering them easily to develop crude feeling all the while. I’m keeping this Step by step instructions to refer to Surfacing-Margaret Atwood, Papers

Observation Paper Essay Example for Free

Perception Paper Essay Congruity is conduct change intended to coordinate the activities of others. During my examination, I discovered numerous instances of conformitive conduct. I regularly related adjustment to young people because of the way that they for the most part put forth a valiant effort to attempt to fit in with regards to aggregate settings. This sort of conduct can be found in undergrads going to instructive offices from home. Those that are in dormitories will in general enjoy drinking regardless of whether they aren’t â€Å"big drinkers†. They do this to fit in with that of others and to be remembered for the fun and attempt and fit in. One final model that I will talk about before getting into my own perception, was the examination that was done my Crandall in 1988 which inspected regulating social impacts including bulimia in school sororities. Sororities are the genuine meaning of similarity and those that don’t acclimate are typically not permitted to keep on promising. In the specific sororities that were analyzed, Crandall found that it had its own standard when it went to the â€Å"right† measure of food to eat and the fame inside the sorority was related with clinging to this standard. Those that needed to be a piece of the sororities expected to adjust to the â€Å"norm† and fell into a bulimic state. These young ladies needed to of realized this was not beneficial for them yet they needed to keep on happening to part of this gathering and follow the â€Å"norm† that was set out. To me, this is simply ludicrous. A few of us have issues with adjusting and I trust I’m one of those individuals. The perception that I chose to direct was that of a military setting. I chose to do this dependent on the way that when I was in the military, there were times when I battled with those designated over me since I knew the assignments that they were giving me weren't right. I wasn’t ready to accommodate when I knew it wasn’t right. This is the place my â€Å"issue† with power became possibly the most important factor. The military is one of, if not the biggest, association that expects adjustment without limit. Those that don’t adjust will be rebuffed. During my perusing I found a Japanese saying that truly hit near and dear. â€Å"The nail that sticks up gets pounded down†. What that way to me is that it’s better to not hang out in the gathering yet rather adjust and fall among them. Before the beginning of my perception, I had a foundation of the military setting so I surmise we could call that an unjustifiable bit of leeway on the grounds that perhaps I didn’t go into this task with liberality. I had the expected thought that those being watched wouldâ conform to the principles set out by the military authority accountable for them notwithstanding on the off chance that they imagined that it was correct/wrong. I imagined that regularizing weight would become possibly the most important factor since those that are in legitimate position are regarded and gazed upward to. Along these lines, so as to help my supposition, I chose to have my better half, who is as of now deployment ready and a Division Officer, help me. She didn’t do this by decision, however I had her accommodate ï Å¡ I requested that her give staff in her division arranges that they would know weren't right. For example, she gave three separate Sailors (2-E3, 1-E4) course to go to McDonald’s to make her something to eat while in an obligation status. At that point, she advised every one of them at obligation area summon that nobody was approved to leave the limits of the boat on their obligation in any capacity whatsoever to incorporate going to grab a bite. They all knew this wasn’t permitted however being that she let them know, they believed that it must be correct. There was no scrutinizing demeanor, only a â€Å"yes Ma’am† by each and every one. I needed her to make it one stride further so I requested that her accomplish something that would influence the wellbeing of Sailors and perceive how they reacted. Would they accommodate? Thus, every one of her Sailors are required to wear defensive head rigging and glasses because of the dry dock condition and the risks related. She went to quarters and guided them all to return tomorrow with just their hard caps. She expressed glasses were not, at this point required. Not one individual said anything when she gave this data out. Nobody scrutinized her yet essentially just went on about their days. The following day, over 75% of her work force appeared without glasses. This was plainly a wellbeing infringement and might affect their individual security but since she was a legitimate figure, they acknowledged that hazard and adjusted to what she expressed. It wasn’t right however they did it at any rate. After it was finished, she let them realize that it was alright to address things that you thought weren’t right. She educated them about the examination and expressed that she was shocked such huge numbers of had not followed their senses and made the best choice. I wasn’t so stunned by the outcomes. I saw a great deal of Sailors do things that aren’t fundamentally right since somebody higher positioning let them know and as opposed to addressing them, and perhaps getting in a difficult situation, they simply did it. In this way, the outcomes she got didn’t shock me. In the military, it’s like the implicit rule†¦just adjust. In general, this examination was actually what I thought it would have been. In manyâ situations, we are dubious how to think or act/respond to everyone around us particularly when it’s not the socially acknowledged â€Å"norm†. We will in general utilize the conduct and activities of others to direct what would do. Educational social impact happens on the grounds that we adjust utilizing others as a wellspring of data. That’s precisely what occurred as I would see it. Nobody stood up and said it wasn't right so being that my significant other revealed to them it was correct (she was the wellspring of data), they did it! Was it right, no! This is the place I think change needs to occur. Defend what you accept. Don’t simply be defiant on the grounds that you can yet have an explanation and remain by it. Discover individuals who have faith in something very similar that you put stock in and take a position. Her Sailors ought to have trusted in each other and they all ought to have worn their glasses to marshal realizing that it was their wellbeing that they were securing. Every one of them ought to have risen up to secure themselves!

Analysis of the Case Oticon Using the Culture Metaphor Essay Sample

1. IntroductionThe representations of associations and bearing have been talked about by Gareth Morgan in his book â€Å"Images of Organizations† ( Morgan. 2006 ) . Morgan uncovered eight allegorical pictures of associations including machine. being. encephalon. human advancement. political framework. mystic jail. motion and transmutation. furthermore, instrument of control. Every last one of these representations makes understanding. in any case, other than darkens a few corners. They have the two advantages and disadvantages. They empower seeing. be that as it may, other than non seeing. No 1 of them is supposed to be correct and right. 2. BackgroundOticon is a Danish organization. situated in Copenhagen. They used to be truly outstanding in showcase for planetary hearing help industry. The turn of events and advancement of different opponents. for example, Siemens and Starkey. set Oticon in a basic tricky spot in the market. especially the planetary 1. where Oticon send out the main part of its stocks to. To correct the situation. the board got Lars Kolind. who had incredible history of scienceoriented arrangements in spite of his youngness ( 30 mature ages old ) . Kolind investigated the qualities and failings of Oticon and contrasted it and the adversaries. He discovered that no qualities Oticon needed to compete with. On the different manus. Kolind discovered that the inflexibleness and low reactivity the opponents had could be a downside in contrasting and Oticon. In this manner. he chose to place another program to transform the association into larning antiphonal association. He looked for bettering this favorable position to catch bigger market parcel. especially all inclusive. what's more, infer higher overall gain fringes. In this examination. the occurrence is broke down using the human progress representation. As it were. it talks about what we could see and reflect while anticipating the plane Kolind set and applied on different standards and assaults of the development representation. 3. TheoryWhen we talk about human progress we are regularly referencing to the spiel of advancement reflected in a society’s arrangement of insight. political direction. values. Torahs. also, day by day ritual ( Morgan. 1997 ) . Political researcher Robert Presthus has recommended that we currently live in a â€Å"organizational society† . This kind of social orders has ordinary aspects lay all things considered in gatherings of individuals fabricate their lives around discernable develops of work and recreation. follow solid modus operandis five or six yearss a hebdomad. live in one topographic point and work in another. wear regalia. concede to approval. what's more, pass such a great amount of clasp in an individual topographic point executing an individual arrangement of exercises ( Presthus. 1978 ) . Associations could follow various practices due their social settings. At the end of the day. some cultural conduct could be acknowledged inside a specific social sett ing. in any case, potentially unsatisfactory for different settings. For case. the Nipponese authoritative conduct may non vary from the western hierarchical one fundamentally. In any case, Nipponese human advancement was increasingly rich to make a lot of work while keeping up the positive soul ( Maruyama. 1982 ) . Hierarchical development is the corporate conduct of universes who are part of an association and the significances that the individuals join to their activities ( Smircich. 1983 ) . Corporate human advancement is the whole measure of the qualities. imposts. conventions. furthermore, significances that make an organization remarkable. Corporate human advancement is as often as possible called â€Å"the character of an organization† . since it exemplifies the vision of the company’s laminitiss. The estimations of a corporate human advancement impact the moral rules inside a company. each piece great as administrative conduct ( Montana. 2008 ) . Social guideline following could be portrayed as the connection to cultural standar ds and imposts. while social entry accentuates that we should uncover fear of association in the strategies that produce frameworks of shared essentialness ( Morgan. 2006 ) . 4. Analysis4. 1. Oticon as Cultural PhenomenonMany European states. each piece great as Denmark. begun to transform into authoritative states after the mechanical upset during the eighteenth century ( Johansen 2002 ) . Oticon was established in 1904 by Hans Demant. which implies that Oticon. each piece great as other Danish associations. had been viewed as social wonders that cut. From the occasion. there are numerous examinations that affirm the similitudes between Danish hierarchical progress and other European civic establishments. That may incorporate working hours. quality models. authoritative developments. furthermore, different features of any hierarchical development. 4. 2. Oticon and Cultural ContextAfter come ining Kolind to the association. there were numerous indexs that could pull to which setting Oticon had been working in. Kolind proposed another program with numerous basic changes that could venture to every part of the organization toward decentralized way. That was acknowledged by the crew heading. be that as it may, non generously invited and seen as another unsafe way. This demonstrates the authoritative setting in Denmark were all things considered hierarchal. Kolind appeared as though he had been affected by the Nipponese creating way that cut. He had contemplated the social setting in Oticon. furthermore, attempted to look into where some positive aspects of the Nipponese way could be implicit. 4. 3. Corporate Culture and Subculture in OticonBefore Kolind’s age. the corporate progress of Oticon could be portrayed by aristocratism. where Demant family unit had completely been claimed the organization for decennaries. In any case, after the organization had lost its place in the planetary market. Kolind has been acquired to recuperate Oticon’s place. while protect its corporate qualities and human progress. The board demonstrated Kolind amazing help for his new proposition. which mirrors a steady modification in corporate human progress. Kolind would hold neer ventured frontward without such help that kept even the heading crew off from kicking him. regardless of their consistent hesitance to the new proposition. Moreover. what could be viewed as a significant modification in corporate human advancement is the way Kolind turned to for financing the new program. He requested that the bank get 17 % of the organization. what's more, a portion of his collaborators to get 3-4 % . He other than offered the representatives divides at a decent financial incentive under certain norm. That mirrors a significant adjustment in corporate progress. Kolind has made an incredible exchange when he recruited the energetic worker. Helle. to be segment of what he called within plan crew. This crew had the obligation of assessment pioneers. There were six supposition pioneers ; none of them had been busying administrative spot. Kolind called the crew with that name so that non to imperil anybody toward the path crew. This reflects how Kolind was well-aware of predominant development. This crew has developed a little bit at a time and was a karyon that increases inside the association. It is an extraordinary back uping power that Kolind planted to chop down the safe potencies of the course crew. 4. 4. How Could Oticon Change Culture?In our opinion. the principal change Oticon did was adjusting individuals. This began by drawing in Lars Kolind. who upset the stream fundamentally. He may be one person. in any case, extremely of import 1. In purpose of actuality. Oticon turned out to be entirely extraordinary in the wake of tenderizing in Kolind. It was in world a verifiable limestone for Oticon. What Kolind has done to utilize vital changes in Oticon’s development could be featured by some specific and dynamic stairss. Legitimately. he needed to comprehend the strategies inside Oticon great. At that point. he analyzed the key change requests to investigate the degree of modification and distinguish boundaries. That drove him to see modifications in habits of course. hierarchical modus operandis. emblematic exercises. what's more, political exercises ( Mintzberg A ; Quinn. 1996 ) . That all contributed at long last in the section of a common universes. Changing topograph ic focuses is one of the strategies Kolind has applied. On the other hand of withdrew traditional workplaces. Kolind transformed the organization into an extremely huge detached office for everyone. The workers were allowed to take their topographic focuses. By utilizing that. Kolind could modify the conventional casing of working topographic focuses inside the association. what's more, likely in Denmark. Moreover. Kolind expected to modify a lot of people’s convictions and perspectives to acknowledge and follow his program. He could pull off to make that as talked about before by making the inside plan crew. changing over the board to acknowledge some key adjustments. also, implementing fait accompli on the crew oversee. Kolind attempted to make the core considered based what we can name â€Å"Let?s work together† . This idea assisted with building up a corporate human advancement that spreads esteems and rules in all segment of the association. Kolind has other than committed logical comprehension refering with work hypothetical records to modify Oticon’s world. Spaghetti hypothetical record is a reasonable justification for that. He annihilated the departmentalization by influencing various representatives in a wide range of endeavors. to execute various capacities in each endeavor. There were 100 endeavors. each endeavor was claimed by individual on the heading crew. However, possession at that spot resembled being leader of the board. The control of undertaking owner was to back up and loosened entryways. while the endeavor executive managed everything. These were non normal changes for any representative to suit with. Be that as it may, by creating them to play various capacities i nside their crews. Kolind added another standard to the great beyond representatives. who are happy to work at Oticon. Kolind exploded the departmental development and reproduce another development. Kolind has other than introduced roundabout mechanical modifications to the development adjustments. Kolind improved the standard of continuous advancement. what's more, t

Wow, work!

Wow, work! I have been incredibly busy so far this month. Im taking hours away from French homework to sit down and write to you, but I think its time. Class has been going well. Its a significant effort commitment, but its rewarding. Weve had an exam and two quizzes already, as well as three packets of homework, with a fourth packet due this coming Monday. Ive done fine on everything, so thats good. Ive also been fitting in some fun things, day/weekend trips, seeing friends, when my schedule permits. Weekends have been staying relatively free, which is great. I went to Boston Latin (an area high school) the other night to see the Boston-area early action admits they had a meetgreet sort of event for students, parents, alums, and MIT staff so that the students could ask questions and become better acquainted with MIT and each other. There was food and drink and although it was raining, there was a pretty good turnout. Fun stuff. Ive basically been trying to edge in enough structure this month to prepare me for grades next term (ABC/no record), while still allowing enough free time and leisure. I think the balance is something to strive for. It took a week of going to bed at 8PM and getting up at 4AM to shock me back into being a morning person, but I think its working knowing I have to be up to finish homework and go to class at 10AM seems to get me out of bed, into my clothes and out the door to building 14. Few people are pressured with classwork and psets this month, which is pretty refreshing. Although, when half the hall is getting up at 4PM, the point at which Ive already endured hours of class, work, and am thinking about dinner, I guess I feel productive. :-P More later, and I promise I wont go so long without updating. Its just been really busy around here. Take care!

The Synthesis Of Alum Potassium Aluminum Sulfate - 1375 Words

The Synthesis Of Alum: Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Dodecahydrate (Research Paper Sample) Content: The Synthesis of Alum: potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl(SO4)212H2O).Name of the studentExperiment performed on:AbstractThe experiment was intended to enable the students learn how to synthesize potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl (SO4)212H2O), an alum. The process involved first reacting aluminum foil with excess potassium hydroxide solution. The resulting mixture was then filtered, and then mixed with dilute sulfuric acid. The reaction was allowed to proceed to conclusion after which the resulting mixture was cooled to allow the crystals to form. A dry container was weighed, and then the crystals stored in it. The container and the crystals were later weighed to determine the mass of the alum. The percentage yield of the experiment was found to be 93.24%.IntroductionProduction of alum involves both physical and chemical reactions. Alum refers to a crystal substance that is made up of cations of monovalent or trivalent metals. In other words, th e cations involved have 1+ and 3+ charges. This experiment is intended to synthesis an alum known as potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl (SO4)212H2O). A hydrate is a molecular compound containing water of crystallization (Moody, 233). The objectives of the experiment include observing and recording the synthesis process a compound and calculating the percent yield of the synthesis.In the experiment, an aluminum foil was first reacted with excess potassium hydroxide solution. The resulting mixture was then reacted with sulfuric acid. The aluminum is a reactive element. However, the surface of aluminum is usually covered with a thin layer of aluminum oxide. Consequently, its reaction with acids is slow. However, aluminum reacts readily with basic solutions to form tetrahydroxoaluminate ion (Al (OH) 4- ). Consequently, aluminum foil was first reacted with excess potassium hydroxide in the experiment.ExperimentalAll safety precautions were observed before, during, and at the e nd of the experiment. Consequently, the students wore goggles before beginning the experiment. A small piece of aluminum foil was then obtained and weighed using an analytical balance (0.0001g). The foil was then rolled into a loose ball and placed in a 250mL beaker.Next, the first step of the synthesis was conducted while care was being taken to avoid spilling KOH solution on the clothing or skin. In this case, 25mL of 3MKOH solution was measured using a graduated cylinder. The beaker with aluminum pieces was placed in the hood. The KOH solution was then added slowly to the beaker. The reaction was left to proceed until all of the foil had dissolved. Buchner funnel and filter paper flask with filter paper was then set up in preparation for filtration later. The paper was moistened with a few drops of distilled water, and a vacuum drawn to seat the paper firmly on the filter support. The reaction mixture was then poured into the Buchner funnel-and-the filter flask set up while the v acuum was on and the filter paper seated firmly on the filter support. The filter paper was then rinsed with a small amount of distilled water. The beaker was then rinsed with distilled water and the filtered liquid poured back into the beaker. The solution was allowed to cool to near room temperature. The Buchner funnel and the filter flask were then cleaned. The funnel was prepared for later filtering using a new piece of filter paper.Next, the final step of the synthesis was conducted. In this case, 35mL of 3M H2SO4 solution was measured out using a graduated cylinder. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature before proceeding. The sulfuric acid solution was then added to the beaker of liquid. In the process of adding the acid, the mixture was stirred. The mixture was boiled until the volume of the liquid in the beaker had reduced to about 50mL. The beaker containing the solution was then cooled. An ice bath was then prepared for the 250mL beaker containing the s olution. The beaker was then placed in the ice bath uncovered. The set up was left to allow the crystals to form. After the crystals had formed, the beaker was stirred to suspend the crystals. The crystals were then collected by pouring them into the Buchner funnel and the filter flask set-up. The crystals were then washed on the filter paper with 50mL of aqueous ethanol solution using vacuum filtration. A container was obtained and labeled with the initials of each student who performed the experiment. The empty container was then weighed, and the weight recorded. The crystals were then transferred to the container. The container was left open to the atmosphere to allow any remaining water and ethanol to evaporate. A few days later, the mass of the container and the crystals were measured. The appearance of the crystals was noted, and the observations recorded.ResultsTable 1 below shows the data obtained from the experiment:Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 1: Data obtained from the exper imentMass of aluminum foil 0.985g Mass of empty container 21.79g Mass of container + alum 37.93g Using the data presented in the table above, the students obtained the actual yield of the aluminum. Table 2 shown below shows the results obtained from calculations done using the data shown in table 1.Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 2: Table showing the actuals yield and the percentage yield of the synthesisMass of aluminum foil 0.985g Mass of empty container 21.79g Mass of container + alum 37.93g Actual yield of alum* 16.14g Theoretical yield* 17.31 g/mol Percent yield* 93.24% During the experiment, various observations were made. First, upon adding KOH solution to the beaker containing pieces of aluminum metals, the temperature of the beaker increased. In addition, bubbles of gases were seen rising up the beaker. The reaction involving sulfuric acid was also found to be leading to an increase in temperature. When sulfuric acid was added to the mixture obtained from the first step, a prec ipitate was formed. However, on further addition of sulfuric acid, the precipitate dissolved. The crystals formed were small and white in color. They also had a regular octahedral shape.DiscussionThe results of the experiment confirm that the method used in the synthesis of potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl (SO4)212H2O) was appropriate since the alum was formed successfully. In the experiment, aluminum foil was reacted with KOH since aluminum reacts readily with basic solutions. This step is known as the dissolution step. The reaction of aluminum with an acid is slow. Consequently, its reaction with an alkali is preferred. Besides, KOH was used in order to incorporate the ions for both potassium and aluminum in one compound. The reaction is highly exothermic. Consequently, the temperature of the beaker rose. The overall equation for the reaction is as shown below:The bubbles seen rising up the beaker during the reaction between aluminum foil and KOH solution are as a res ult of hydrogen gas being given out during the reaction. The second stage of the synthesis process involved reacting dilute sulfuric acid with the product of the reaction in step 1 of the synthesis process. In this case, white precipitates were formed upon adding of the sulfuric acid. However, the white precipitates disappeared when more sulfuric acid was added. The precipitate was observed because aluminum hydroxide was formed. The hydroxide precipitated because it was displaced by K+ from the solution. The precipitate disappeared since further addition of the acid led to the reaction between the acid and aluminum hydroxide leading to the formation of aluminum sulfate. During the cooling process, aluminum sulfate and sulfuric acid reacted to form potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (KAl (SO4)212H2O) and water. All the reactions involved in the synthesis are shown in equations 1 to 4 shown below:1. Reaction of aluminum with KOH (the dissolution step)2 Al(s)+2 KOH(aq)+6H2O(l)2KA l(OH)4 (aq)+3H2 (g) Equation 1(Beran, 194)2. Initial addition of sulfuric acid (precipitation of Al(OH)3)2 KAl(OH)4 (aq)+ H2SO4 (aq)2Al(OH)3 (s)+K2SO4 (aq)+2 H2O(l) Equation 23. Further addition of sulfuric acid (dissolving of Al(OH)3)2 Al(OH)3 (s)+H2SO4 (aq)Al2(SO4)3 (aq)+6H2O(l) Equation 34. Precipitation of alum on coolingK2SO4 (aq)+ Al2(SO4)3 (aq)+24H2O(l)2KAl(SO4)212 H2O(s) Equation 4The percent yield of the synthesis of 2KAl (SO4)212 H2O was found to be 93.24%. It was expected that the experiment would yield 100%. The observed deviation of the actual yield from the theoretical yield is attributed to the various errors involved in the experiment. Factors affecting the percent yield include the following: The presence of impurities in the reactants used, the possibility of some products remaining in the purification vessels, occurrence of side reaction leading to formation of by-products, and error in taking the measurements.The presence of impurities is likely to result in the actual yield being higher than the theoretical yield. It is caused by poor purification. Some products may also remain on the filter paper especially if the paper is poorly rinsed with distilled water. Side reactions that involve the reactants are likely to result in low actual yield.A synthesis reaction is a type of reaction whereby two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product. The reactants involved in the synthesis reaction are either elements or compounds. In this experiment, synthesis rea...

Center of the Greek and Roman Society, the Byzantine...

The Byzantine Empire occurred for nearly 1,125 years, and it’s one of the ultimate empires of all time. Many people have heard of the Byzantine Empire, but know only a little about the history. The Byzantine Empire became the center of a very alive civilization that sealed Greek and Roman societies while Western Europe fell into the horrible times. Even though, it became one with Rome, it continued some of Rome’s patterns, they established its own form of civilization, but does not mean it was its own separate state. The Empire protected Western Europe’s belongings until barbarism declined. Many people and historians believe that without Byzantium to protect it, Europe would have faced Islamic invaders and would have lost. Though the†¦show more content†¦Little do people know that Byzantine got too rich for its own good that it topped Rome. Also, Byzantine had to come help the Romans or they would have been destroyed. The Roman Empire produced so great that they had two capitals, one in Rome, and one in Constantinople. Barbarians attacked Rome, causing the failure of the Western Roman Empire. Constantinople saw itself kind of helping the Roman development up in the middle of the barbarians. But needless to say, they never saw themselves as the Byzantine Empire. However it does not mean that The Byzantine Empire was not a continuation of the Roman Empire. No matter what, they are part of the Roman Empire. In my opinion they have both helped each other out in ways they cannot even imagine. Byzantine can be considered a separate state and a new one, but without the Roman Empire they would be nothing. Matter of fact, geographically, the Roman Empire was never a unit. So to the extent that Byzantine can be considered a separate, yes it can be. Byzantine has its own laws, culture, and region. Byzantine Empire had very different government structures. But at the end of the day, they still considered themselves Romans and practiced their laws. In my opinion, it’s better to be a part of the Roman Empire. Byzantium is the name given to both the state and the culture of the Eastern Roman Empire in the middle ages. To state, without Rome, technically Byzantine would have noShow MoreRelatedOrigins Of The Byzantine Empire2033 Words   |  9 Pagesof the Byzantine Empire (330-1453 CE) The Byzantine Empire is another word for the eastern half of the Roman Empire. It was born after a series of events that led to the fall of the western half of the Roman Empire. In 285 A.D., Diocletian decided to split the Roman Empire in half because the rapidly growing population was becoming too large to govern for a single person. This decision is considered to be one of the main acts that led to the downfall of the Western Roman world. 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The three decans of Aries in the â€Å"Indian† system are selected from Abà » Ma`shar by way of example and a full explanation of their paranatellonta given (pp. 59-62). Ibn Wahshà ®ja follows the same method

Drug Cartel s Economic Dependency On U.s. - 1964 Words

Listen. The sound of the blood rusted chainsaw roars over the eerie silence that plagues the yard. Feel. Rough brick massaging the back of a bald middle-aged man. See. A crimson splatter-painted corpse on the fresh, sticky licorice colored pavement. Smell. The fresh blood oozing out of a rogue head that had been rolled across the alleyway. Taste. The irony tar like saliva laced with blood as you wait for the masked man to steal all sense from your body (Beith n. pag.). With the increasing influence of Mexican drug cartels, all impoverished citizens become subject to violent hate crimes against the government. The government s lack of control over their people, criminal justice system, and economics demonstrates the instability plaguing Mexican borders. The Mexican government must rise together to legalize marijuana in foreign countries, increase safety in underprivileged communities, and better organize the government in order to save thousands of innocent civilians from horrific cha insaw massacres. The extent of drug cartel’s economic dependency on U.S. and other foreign buyers shields individual empires from oppression and the threat of rival groups. As the percent of cocaine being transported into the US raises from 77 percent to more than 90 percent, drug cartels are becoming stronger and more widespread (Lee n. pag.). With the rapidly escalating number of U.S. cocaine sales, Mexican mafias profit immensely. These cash profits fund all cartel activities including theShow MoreRelatedKidnapping Of Justice Minister Rodrigo Lara Bonilla1839 Words   |  8 Pagespolitical message – violence would be employed against anyone who supported reforms against the illicit narcotics trade. 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Muhlenberg College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Muhlenberg College is a private liberal arts college affiliated with the Lutheran Church with an acceptance rate of 62%. Founded in 1848 and located in Allentown, Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg offers 38 undergraduate majors and has an impressive 10-to-1  student / faculty ratio. While some of Muhlenbergs most popular programs are in pre-professional areas, the schools strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned it a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor society. In athletics, the Muhlenberg Mules compete in the NCAA Division III  Centennial Conference. Considering applying to Muhlenberg College? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Muhlenberg College had an acceptance rate of 62%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 62 students were admitted, making Muhlenbergs admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 4,146 Percent Admitted 62% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 21% SAT Scores and Requirements Muhlenberg College has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants to Muhlenberg may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required.  During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 60% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 680 Math 580 680 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that of those students who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of  Muhlenbergs admitted students fall within the  top 35% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Muhlenberg scored between 590 and 680, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 680. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 580 and 680, while 25% scored below 580 and 25% scored above 680. While the SAT is not required, this data tells us that a composite SAT score of 1360 or higher is competitive for Muhlenberg. Requirements Muhlenberg College does not require SAT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, note that Muhlenberg participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. Muhlenberg does not require the essay section of the SAT. ACT Scores and Requirements Muhlenberg has a test-optional standardized testing policy. Applicants may submit SAT or ACT scores to the school, but they are not required. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 29% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Scores and Requirements Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 26 32 Math 23 28 Composite 26 30 This admissions data tells us that of those who submitted scores during the 2017-18 admissions cycle, most of Muhlenbergs admitted students fall within the  top 18% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Muhlenberg received a composite ACT score between 26 and 30, while 25% scored above 30 and 25% scored below 26. Requirements Note that Muhlenberg does not require ACT scores for admission. For students who choose to submit scores, Muhlenberg does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Muhlenberg does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Muhlenberg Colleges incoming freshmen class was 3.34, and over 40% of admitted students had average high school GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Muhlenberg have primarily B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Muhlenberg College GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Muhlenberg College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Muhlenberg College, which accepts fewer than two-thirds of applicants, has a somewhat competitive admissions pool. However, Muhlenberg also has a  holistic admissions  process and is test-optional, and admissions decisions are based on much more than numbers. A strong  application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. The college is looking for students who will contribute to the campus community in meaningful ways, not just students who show promise in the classroom. While not required, Muhlenberg strongly recommends  interviews  for interested applicants. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and scores are outside of Muhlenbergs average range. Note that while standardized test scores are optional for admission, applicants must submit either SAT or ACT scores to be considered for the Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Scholarships, Honors Programs, and Academic Partnerships. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. As you can see, the majority of admitted students had high school grades of B or better, combined SAT scores of 1200 or higher (ERWM), and ACT composite scores of 25 or better. Many admitted students had solid A averages. Note that grades are much more important than test scores due to Muhlenbergs test-optional admissions policy. If You Like Muhlenberg College, You May Also Like These Schools Lafayette CollegeVillanova UniversityVassar CollegeEmerson CollegeNew York UniversityFordham UniversityBoston UniversityBrandeis  UniversityAmerican UniversityConnecticut College All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Muhlenberg College Undergraduate Admissions Office.

William Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing - 1608 Words

In Shakespeare s play, Much Ado about Nothing, many contrasting views on the subject of love are dramatised in the relationships presented, particularly those of Benedick and Beatrice, and Claudio and Hero. These views help to shape the play into a comedy, due to the severe differences. Benedick s slightly misogynistic views of love at the start of the play contrast heavily with his views by the end, as they change so drastically. He claims, in Act 1 Scene 1, that he is loved by all ladies, yet he loves none, suggesting that he is quite frivolous in terms of loving, further supported by his claims of being a professional tyrant to their sex. Women love him nevertheless, but he does not reciprocate the feelings, as he deems women†¦show more content†¦Benedick states that her love must be requited and he will be horribly in love with her. This sudden change contrasts in his earlier, relationship with Beatrice in Act 2 Scene 1, where he ridicules and mocks her harshly, showing no signs of affection. His speech also contrasts with his earlier views on marriage, as he states that he did not think I would live till I was married, hinting at the fact that his views are now swaying. In Act 5 Scene 4, Benedick asks the friar to aid in his marriage confession, only t o be met with mockery from Claudio, who states they will tip his horns with gold, further relating to the cuckold motif and mocking the fact that he has changed his ways considerably. Beatrice, however, occupies a similar view on love as Benedick, as she was previously a misandrist. In Act 2 Scene 1, she states that she will die a virgin, evading her fate of leading apes into hell when she dies, an expression describing the fate of unmarried women, and instead will sit where the bachelors sit up in heaven. This leads into why she does not take interest in men, as she thinks that they have no substance to them apart from earth, comparing them to dirt to heighten her bitterness towards the sex. She also compares men to a piece of valiant dust and a clod of wayward marl, feeding the fact that she compares men to dirt and other earthly, useless substances. Despite Beatrice s apparent bitterness towards males in general, it could be interpreted

A child called “it” Free Essays

I don’t believe that anyone could read this book and not be disturbed it. It is a poignant and heart wrenching book of one child’s great misery at the hands of his extremely â€Å"ill† mother. The types of abuse that were inflicted upon him were horrific and terrifying to read about, let alone to have suffered through. We will write a custom essay sample on A child called â€Å"it† or any similar topic only for you Order Now I had to pause several times in the reading just to take a breath and try to absorb that anyone could have endured such horrors and survived it. It often brought me to tears and shock from the sheer sadness of it. David Pelzer’s writings were clear, concise, and held back no punches. At times, I felt myself filled with rage at the injustice and cruelty this man bore as a helpless child and the incredulity that it was permitted to go unchecked for so long. It seemed so inconceivable that no one interfered or made any attempt to stop it from family to public officials. This did not happen in the Dark Ages but in the 1970’s in California and in a country which was and is supposed to be a nation of freedom and enlightenment. How could the system have so totally and miserably failed this child? The â€Å"why† of that was still a mystery to me when I had reached the conclusion of the book? The only answer I could come up with was that no one could be bothered until it just finally became so evident that it could no longer be ignored. That, in itself, is almost as dire a tragedy as the misery and pain this child had to feel and live through. First question: A discussion of how this book impacted you emotionally and cognitively. The first real reaction I had was to the way the boy felt so unworthy in the beginning chapter of the book. This is a classic sign of child abuse, where it becomes the purpose of the abuser to demean and belittle the abused until they have no self confidence left or any sense of personal dignity. A human being that believes in themselves will fight back and refuse to be submissive. The mother’s constant spew of criticism was intended for just that purpose so that David would not try to oppose her and would suffer through her abuse without fighting her. It gave her a sense of power over him, ill regardless of the fact that she was an adult and he was a child where the physical odds were against him. As each stage of the abuse became more violent and degrading as well as life threatening, my shock grew the further I read into the book. At points, it was hard to believe that a mother could be so uncaring of her child. Her coldness and lack of guilt amazed me but David’s mental and emotional fight to preserve his sanity and survival awed me more. When she broke his arm was horrible but to make him suffer through the night just so she pass it off as a fall off a top bunk and therefore, in her mind, take away any risk that she might be held accountable for it, impressed upon me just what a callous coward she was. Yet that incident seemed to pale in the mockery of the stabbing where she simply bound his wounds and let him heal at home without any medical help. She knew if she took him to the hospital that there would questions and reactions and she would come under suspicion but in truth, the saddest and most despicable action came from his father when David turned to him for help and the man simply told him to go back and finish the dishes before the mother noticed. He let his child stand there and bleed on the carpet and did nothing. Why? Because he was afraid of his wife and her mouth! He put his comfort over the safety of his child and that is unbelievable that any loving parent would do that! I could better understand David’s siblings’ withdrawal out of fear of the mother but the father and the grandmother, both adults, failing to act in David’s defense was almost beyond comprehension. The malicious way that the mother taught her youngest son to view his older brother was feasible because a child, especially a very young one, reacts to the way they are taught. He was blameless in a way and more so than David’s older brothers. It brought forth the question to my mind as to why â€Å"just David† and not the other boys? Why were they allowed to eat and have privileges and David wasn’t? What was it about David that made his mother single him out as the one to be despised and abused? These were questions that the book never quite answered in my opinion. Of course, the book was written from the first person point of view, which of David and in only being a child, how would he know what caused his mother to turn on him and treat him so abominably? Second question: A discussion of the instances of where people could have stopped the maltreatment but did not. This question goes back to the instance of the father in particular. He was the only other adult in the house and it should have fallen on him to stop the abuse when it first began. Despite the fact that his wife hid the abuse from him in the beginning and made David never reveal it to his father, how could he have not noticed? With the mother denying the child food, the boy would have grown thinner and wan with an unusual lack of energy or vibrancy normal to a child David’s age. The father would have also had to see how the child clung to him when he was home. Then as time progressed and the father did openly admit to what was happening, why did he not stop it? If he had been a truly loving and caring parent, he would have taken immediate action to stop it, no matter how much he cared about his wife. He simply did not want to â€Å"rock the boat†, to use an old adage. He chose to ignore the situation and pretend that it was not happening. David was alone in a world that he was too small to be able to defend himself in. How to cite A child called â€Å"it†, Papers

Nursing Placement for Ischemic Heart Disease- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNursing Placement for Ischemic Heart Disease. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the paper is to gain a deep insight regarding the importance of pathophysiology, pharmacology, assessment of the diseases that are manifested by the patient in the given case study. In the given case study, the patient named Jackson Roland was admitted to Hampstead hospital as he fell in the aged care and got injured sustaining cervical spine. The actual patient name has been used in here. As he has no one to look after him, he has permanently stayed in aged care. Jack had a past medical history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 1, hypertension, Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), atonic bladder (SPC), Peripheral vascular disease(PVD). A catheter that is inserted surgically through the lower part of the abdomen directly into the bladder is known as suprapubic catheter or SPC. He also underwent bilateral transmetatarsal amputation, carpal tunnel surgery and CABG* 2 8 stunt 2008. As he is suffering from severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy due to diabetic neuropathy, there is risk for fall due to decreased sensation and lack of muscle coordination and control. Due to high blood sugar level, the nerves are damaged and can lead to neuropathy enhancing the risk for fall (Vinik et al. 2015). This condition is a diabetic complication and mostly occurs when diabetes remain undiagnosed or not well controlled. This could be the reason for Jacks fall and his need for admission at the hospital. For the access to Jacks information, informed consent is required from him or his caregiver at the aged care. The confidentiality is important while getting access to his personal information like past medical history, current medications, past surgeries and in getting previous medical records (Keast 2016, pp.20). Patient confidentiality has been maintained in here. The main risk for Jack after admission is the moderate or severe brain injury that could be associated with the sustained cervical spine injury (Theologis et al. 2014, pp.356-361). Therefore, there is a requirement of diagnosis and management of cervical spine trauma and assessment of diabetes and hypertension being the major concern and SPC supra pubic catheterisation due to atonic bladder. Pathophysiology As mentioned above, the medical history of Jack revealed that he is suffering from DM type 1, IHD, PVD, hypertension, atonic bladder (SPC) and severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Diabetes and hypertension are the major concern that could have manifested the signs and symptoms in Jack and made him prone to fall. Type 1 DM or juvenile diabetes is a condition when the body does not produce insulin that is important to break down the starches and sugars for energy generation (American Diabetes Association 2015). The pathophysiology of DM type 1 is the destruction of beta cells that secrete insulin from the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas (Jennings 2015). There is decline in beta cell mass that in turn decreases the insulin secretion until there is no adequate insulin to maintain the normal blood sugar levels where autoimmunity is the major DM type 1 pathophysiology (American Diabetes Association 2015). There is sensory neuropathy caused by segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration that is manifested in Jack making him prone to fall due to sustained hyperglycaemic condition. A patient having chronically elevated glucose level is exposed to damage to the longest nerves in their bodies that convey sensory information from the feet and toes to the spinal cord. The loss of muscle tone and sensation are worst felt at the ankles and feet. This makes it difficult for the patient to walk or stand up. This is more prominent at old age. The condition brought about by neuropathy is one of the major reasons that people with diabetes have such a high risk for falls (Atkinson, Eisenbarth and Michels 2014, pp.69-82). Pathophysiology of hypertension is multi-factorial and complex where kidney acts as the major target organ and contributing factor. Arterial hypertension is the persistent systemic blood elevation where the cardiac output is elevated or systemic vascular resistance increase. There is a strong link between hypertension and diabetic neuropathy where hypertension acts as the independent risk factor as RBCs and Na/K ATPase decrease. An alteration in the microcirculation plays an important role in this regard. Hypertension leads to up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression at the sites of myelin thinning at sensory nerve fibers. This potentially worsens comorbid diabetes (Visser et al. 2014). This could be the pathophysiology of hypertension in Jack with diabetes, both being intertwined conditions sharing significant overlap in the manifestation of the underlying risks (Burnier and Wuerzner 2015, pp.655-683). There are macrovascular complications associated with longstanding hypertension or diabetes which includes IHD (Ischemic Heart Disease) and PHD (American Diabetes Association 2015). Microvascular complications include sensorimotor polyneuropathy that is witnessed in Jack on admission. IHD is a condition in which there is narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels that affects the blood supply to the heart. This occurs due to cholesterol deposition on the walls of the vessels reducing the nutrient and oxygen supply to the heart muscles that is essential for the proper functioning of the heart. Therefore, this condition occurs when some part of the heart is deprived of the oxygen and blood supply that can lead to heart attack (Shepard et al. 2015, pp.455-456). In the given case study, Jack is suffering from DM type 1 that is the major risk factor for the disease. Hypertension also acts as a risk factor for the development of IHD and with time, the disease progresses. The longstanding high glucose levels damages arteries that make them hard and stiff. There is building up of fatty materials on the walls of these vessels blocking the blood flow to brain and heart that can lead to stroke (Shepard et al. 2015, pp.455-456). PVD is also caused due to diabetes and hypertension, being the primary factor for the development of the disease. There is slow narrowing or blocking of the blood vessels that can also cause spasms. PHD is a progressive circulation disorder that also involves blood vessels outside heart like arteries, lymphatic vessels or veins. These vessels supplying blood to brain, legs are also constricted and results in improper functioning. PHD most commonly affects feet and legs where there is decrease in the inner size of vessels and eventually blocks the major arteries (Mascarenhas et al. 2014, pp.149-166). Postural hypotension (PH) is the one of the signs associated with Jacks fall, which he sustained at home and it could be a risk for him as he suffers from type I Diabetes Mellitus. PH is defined as fall in the systolic blood pressure 20mm Hg or a fall in the diastolic blood pressure 10mm Hg, following 3 minutes of continuous standing. It is associated with sympathetic autonomic dysfunction in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (Bharucha et al. 2013, pp.330-339). It can cause renal failure and even sudden death. It is caused as a result of poor diabetic control and ageing. Diabetes is linked to PH as autonomic neuropathy and inappropriate usage of antihypertensive medications can give rise to sudden drops in the blood pressure, thereby resulting in falls as a result of syncope or fainting (Hjortkjr et al. 2016, p.e012307). Under normal conditions, when an individual changes to a standing position from a sitting position, the brain sends signals to the blood vessels of the leg s to undergo constriction reflexively and in an instant manner. This prevents blood to accumulate in the leg, preventing blood and oxygen deprivation to the brain. However, in patients with diabetes mellitus, the nerves involved in signalling send poor signals to the leg blood vessels and thereby results in fall in blood pressure. This is a sign of sympathetic neuropathy and results in PH. However, anti-hypertensives like diuretics and alpha-1-antagonists like terazosin and prazosin can also cause postural hypotension. Individuals with diabetes are also at an increased risk of sustaining dehydration. High blood glucose levels in can lead to decrease in water content of the body resulting in dehydration. One of the symptoms of severe dehydration is fall in blood pressure, which can cause fainting in individuals. The patient was suffering from diabetes mellitus, so one of the reasons for his fall could be dehydration. Apart from diabetes, peripheral neuropathy can also cause postural hypotension (Canal et al. 2013). The peripheral nervous system helps to connect the central nervous system with the rest of the body like arms, legs, internal organs, mouth, among others. In peripheral neuropathy the nerves associated with the connections and the necessary signalling undergoes malfunction. These malfunctions are caused as a result of damage to these nerves. One of the symptoms associated with peripheral neuropathy is a drop in blood pressure, which can result in fainting. Nerve damage in peripheral neuropathy is mainly caused by diabetes (Metzler et al. 2013, pp.2212-2219; Tsantoulas et al. 2017, p. eaam6072). The condition of atonic bladder is also linked with poorly controlled or long-standing diabetic condition. This condition is a urologic complication of diabetes referred as bladder dysfunction. There are complaints of urge incontinence to decreased bladder or overactive bladder and overflow incontinence. This is a condition faced by the patient as he had undergone supra pubic catheterisation. Neurological destruction is linked to the development of atonic bladder. Destruction of damaging of the nerves that are responsible for bladder control are associated with atonic bladder condition. This may result in obstructive urinary bladder, underactive or overactive urinary bladder. This is caused as a result of the alterations in the physiology of the detrusor muscles, neuronal impairment and urothelial dysfunction. This is the reason SPC supra pubic catheterisation was being administered in Jack. This could be a reason for dehydration in Jack leading to postural hypotension and risk for f alls. An overactive bladder can cause the frequent release of urine from the body and if this fluid is not replaced, it results in dehydration (Chu, Tsai and Hwang 2016, p.S66; Ay et al. 2013, p. E135 ). The resulting neuropathic condition that is witnessed in Jack in sensorimotor polyneuropathy, where he has lost the ability to feel or move due to nerve damage. Polyneuropathy is defined as the systemic or body wide condition where the nerves are damaged in different parts of body like nerve fibres, nerve cells and nerve coverings (Taveggia et al. 2014, pp.242-252). Sensorimotor polyneuropathy can cause damage in nerve cells, axons and the myelin sheaths. This damage takes place in the covering of the nerve cells that makes nerve signals to become slow or stop working. One of the causes of sensorimotor polyneuropathy is diabetes. Transmetatarsal amputation (TMA) is performed to preserve limb viability and is used to treat patients with diabetic neuropathy among other medical conditions. TMA is done in cases of forefoot ulcerations and gangrene complicated due to the presence of diabetes mellitus. The patient had also undergone carpal tunnel surgery. This surgery relieves pressure fro m the median nerve, thereby preventing carpal tunnel syndromes. Carpal tunnel syndrome causes numbness, weakness and tingling sensations in the hand because of pressure building in the median nerve of the wrist. Diabetes is one of the causes of carpal tunnel syndrome. Reduction in heart rate variability (HRV) is generally associated with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The patient had also undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) to improve his blood flow to the heart. Thus, the patient suffers from severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy, which has affected his limbs like forefoot and wrists. Moreover, his heart is also affected. From the above discussions regarding the pathophysiology of the conditions that are manifested in Jack, it is evident that diabetes and hypertension are the main reasons for the development and progression of these diseases. He developed postural hypotension as a result of his diabetes. He also suffered from sensorimotor polyneuropathy, which is associated with diabetes. For this reason, he had to undergo TMA to maintain his limb viability and also had to undergo carpal tunnel surgery to relieve pressure from the median nerves in his wrist. Another symptom of sensorimotor polyneuropathy is heart rate variability and as a result he had to undergo CBG. The cervical spine injury also exhibit complications like bladder dysfunction that leaves the detrusor muscles incapable of contraction and causes urine to flow back to the kidneys and so, SPC is being used that permit passive urine drainage at regular intervals for the prevention of bladder overfilling. The conditions are due to the com plications of long-standing diabetes or hypertension in Jack that was either undiagnosed or poorly managed. Therefore, the main concern for his care are the diabetes and hypertension conditions and the SPC supra pubic catheterisation due to atonic bladder. Pharmacology Jacks current medications include Navorapid, Lantus solo star pen, Amlodipine. The immediate concern is to manage his diabetes and blood pressure levels. He suffered a sustained cervical spine injury, but it is not possible to reverse the spinal cord damage. However, pharmacological medications could promote regeneration of nerve cell and improve the nerve functioning. Therefore, the pharmacological interventions in spinal cord injury treatment is focused on the prevention of further injury and empowering Jack to lead a productive and active life. The medication NovoRapid is used for the lowering of the blood sugar levels, as the pancreas cannot produce insulin to meet the requirements of the body (Wendt et al. 2017, p. 1932296817693254). The expected outcome of this medication is to lower the blood glucose levels as glucose cannot store or accumulated by the body for use. Novorapid stimulates the glucose uptake in fat and skeletal muscle, inhibits the production of hepatic glucose. This medication also inhibits proteolysis or lipolysis and enhances protein synthesis (Davisplus.fadavis.com, 2017). It has a rapid action and onset with shorter duration as compared to human insulin. It has a therapeutic effect of controlling hyperglycemia and so it can control the blood glucose levels of Jack, which were found to be high as he was suffering from type I diabetes mellitus, which results in inability of the body to produce insulin. The side effects of this drug include hypoglycemia in the endothelial cells and have local effects lik e swelling, erythema, pruritis and liposystrophy. It also has miscellaneous side effects include allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. The contraindications of this drug are in hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity or allergy and should be cautiously used in infection and stress. As Jack is suffering from type 1 diabetes, this drug must be used with longer-acting insulin that includes the precautions before using this drug for lowering the blood glucose levels. These precautions include inadequate dosing or treatment discontinuation. Inadequate or discontinuation of treatment can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycaemia. NovoRapid must not be injected if symptoms of hypoglycaemia develop. Dose adjustment is considered following blood glucose adjustment. Rapid onset of action of NovoRapid can be expected in the case of patients with concomitant diseases. Concomitant diseases increases patients requirements for insulin and as a result, the doses need to be changed. Insulin antibodies can form and insulin administration needs to be regulated in order to prevent hyper or hypoglycaemia. The nursing considerations include the proper administration of the drug and check for dose, type and expiration date. This drug should be administered by disposable external insulin pump and discarding of cartridges after 7 days. The infusion site should be changed every 48 hours and most importantly, insulin aspart should be administered along with a long-duration acting insulin due to Novorapids short duration of action (Jennings 2016, pp.132-23; Bowering et al. 2017, pp. 161770). The patient used a Lantus Solostar pen for insulin injection. Amlodipine is used to lower blood pressure and also helps to improve blood flow to the heart, in case of blocked arteries. Amlodipine is an antihypertensive and calcium channel blocker that inhibit the transportation of calcium into vascular and myocardial smooth muscle cells that result in inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and contraction. It has a therapeutic effect of vasodilation that results in decreased blood pressure. This coronary vasodilatation result in decreased severity and frequency of angina attacks and also helps in the treatment of high blood pressure or hypertension. The patient in the case study is treated with Amlodipine for the treatment of hypertension. However, the side effects of this drug include fatigue, dizziness, angina, peripheral edema, hypotension, bradycardia, angina, palpitations and may cause flushing, nausea and gingival hyperplasia. This drug is contraindicated in low systolic BP below 90 mm Hg and hypersensitivity. This drug should be c autiously used in aortic stenosis, severe hepatic impairment and should be used with utmost precaution. Before administration, nurse should consider the dose, route of administration and expiry date and may be administered without regard to the meals (Higaki et al. 2017, p.251). Amlodipine can cause low blood pressure, which can result in dizziness and fainting. Thus, it is necessary to monitor the blood pressure before its administration. Lantus solostar pen or insulin glargine has therapeutic effect by lowering of the blood glucose levels through stimulation of glucose uptake in the fat and skeletal muscles. It inhibits the production of hepatic glucose and inhibition of lipolysis, proteolysis. It also enhances protein synthesis and control hyperglycemia. The adverse reactions of this drug are hypoglycemia, swelling, erythema, lipodystrophy and pruritis and can cause hypersensitivity including anaphylaxis. Before administration, the nurse should consider the dosage and administration of this drug as medication errors are common in insulin. Insulin syringes should be properly used and there should be no mixing of the drug with other insulin solutions. The drug should be administered subcutaneously once daily at the same time each day and should not be administered with insulin pumps or IV (Rosselli et al. 2015, p.251; Ranjan et al. 2016, p.410-418). Investigations The assessment of the vital signs and diagnostic tests or activities is important for the patient-center care and planning. The patient history, vital signs, laboratory tests and physical examination is important for the proper planning of care and disease management. Vital signs of a patient are important for the healthcare professionals to determine the treatment options and provide critical information to make the decisions for treatment and management. In the given case study, after admission to the hospital, Jack was diagnosed with type 1 DM, hypertension through the diagnostic testing of blood. He suffered a serious fall at his home as a result of postural hypotension, which indicates that he had these medical conditions prior to hospital admission but was diagnosed after admission. Everyday Jacjkson was monitored thrice daily to check his blood sugar level before administration of insulin. It is necessary to check blood glucose levels before insulin administration, since, insu lin administration following low blood glucose levels can give rise to serious health concerns and can also give rise to hypoglycaemia. Monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential to guide the therapy for diabetic patients. Patients with Type 1 diabetes are usually given 2 injections of two types of insulin per day. This generally progresses to 3-4 injections of different types of insulin. Types of insulin depends on blood glucose levels. Monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential in order to modulate the insulin dosage, activity and food consumption. The main reason for admission was fall, so X ray was done to look for any kind of injury that he has sustained after cervical spine injury. The patients past medical history revealed that he suffers from hypertension and diabetes. His blood pressure and blood glucose levels had to be monitored in the aged care, so that proper medications and nursing implementations were carried out to provide sufficient care to the patient. In the aged care, the patients blood pressure was checked regularly. This was because, he was suffering from hypertension, moreover, high blood glucose levels can also result in high blood pressure. Jack also suffered from heart problems and hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of ischemic heart disease. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor blood pressure, in order to prevent ischemic heart disease. Measurement of blood pressure is also needed in patients suffering from postural hypotension, which can increase the risk of falls. High blood pressure can also intensify the symptoms in patients suffering from angina, which in turn can increase the risk of heart attack. As Jack is hypertensive and sustained cervical spine injury, x-ray and ECG are important to assess his heart condition and any kind of internal injury after falling (Forbes and Watt 2015, pp.60). ECG can detect patterns in heart beats to monitor proper blood flow to the heart and necessary nursing care plan can be designed to prevent heart attack. Necessary care and monitoring is needed for patients with supra pubic catheterization. The bag should be present below the waist to prevent urine flow back to the bladder. It is also necessary to monitor whether the catheter is connected and to identify presence of kinks. It is also necessary to move the tubing in the absence of proper draining. In the nursing process, the physical assessment and medical history are important part of data collection for the individualized, patient-centered and holistic care. The medical history is the foundation of diagnosis and treatment as it helps in the identification of patient care needs. The investigations are the key component in the patient assessment that enables healthcare professionals to enable high quality of patient care by giving them a better understanding of the patients complexities, conditions and processes that are involved in the planning care and treatment (LeMone et al. 2015, pp.7-9). Immediate most urgent discharge issue After Jacks discharge from the hospital, it is necessary to hand over his necessary diet plan, nursing care and medications to the staff members in the aged care. It is necessary to monitor his blood pressure and blood glucose levels regularly to provide necessary care with respect to his medical condition. The rationale for choosing this issue is that as he is suffering from diabetic complications and sustained cervical injury, it is important to manage his diabetic or hypertensive condition and his compliance with medications. However, falls may not be an urgent issue but high blood pressure can affect his already deteriorating heart condition. For this, there is need for inclusion of other healthcare professionals who can promote his proper health and improve quality of life. Registered dietician, nurse educator, exercise physiologist and physiotherapists are required for Jack in keeping his diabetes and hypertension under control and compliance to medications. An exercise physiol ogist can inform patients about blood glucose and how to monitor it, so that proper medications can be taken. Moreover, they also provide information about eating strategies and exercises that would help to reduce body fat and high blood glucose levels. Nurse educator would help to educate Jack so that he can take control of his condition and coordinates treatment (American Diabetes Association 2015, pp.S4-S10). Registered dietician can educate and encourage him to follow his daily meal plan as a part of self-management at home and exercise physiologist would help him to develop appropriate exercise for maintaining his fitness level (American Diabetes Association, 2013, pp.S80-S85). Thus, a patient can carry out self -management at home, in the absence of others to take care of him. Reflection According to the Nursing and Midwifery Board in Australia (NMBA) under National Competency standards for the registered nurses, feedback is important as it provides support and reassurance (Birks et al. 2016, pp.522-543). It helps the nurses to become motivated and by taking an active participation in the feedback progress, they can better understand their nursing practice and work towards their professional development. Seeking feedback in nursing practice helps to improve the nursing care and participate in the quality improvement processes. Self-appraisal and constructive feedback enhance critical thinking while reflecting on their nursing practice and in achieving a benchmark in the professional nursing development. Feedback from colleagues helps nurses to critically reflect on their nursing practice and undertake self-regulation on a daily basis for the enhancement of professional development and in identifying the professional needs (Fisher, 2017, p.4). Feedback aids in contrib uting to the professional development as they actively take part in the professional nursing practice as it provides additional knowledge to the existing nursing practice for its enhancement. Feedback can be gained from patients, carers, doctors, colleagues, among others. It helps in communicating with the patients, care givers and relatives to provide highly enhanced care for the patients. It also helps to carry out self-assessment, which can essentially help in improving the nursing practices. These in turn helps in the continuation of the nurses professional development. The NMBA standards for nurses stresses on a variety of domains. These include collaborative and professional practice, provisions for care and reflective or analytical practice. Collaborations in professional practice is necessary to make improvements in the existing nursing practices. Moreover, reflection of ones practices are essential in order to analyse and self deduce the pros and cons associated with the pr actice to make improvements in the future in order to provide enhanced care to patients. Concisely, NMBA standards states that seeking feedback and using information from others by nurses helps in professional development and understanding on how to assess their nursing practice in variety of clinical settings. References American Diabetes Association, 2013. Executive summary: Standards of medical care in diabetes2013.Diabetes care,36(Supplement 1), pp.S4-S10. American Diabetes Association, 2015. 13. Diabetes Care in the Hospital, Nursing Home, and Skilled Nursing Facility.Diabetes Care,38(Supplement 1), pp.S80-S85. 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